IMG_2400.jpeg

脛骨內側壓力症候群(俗稱夾脛症)的定義

脛骨內側壓力症候群Medial tibial stress syndrome(MTSS)是脛骨區域過度使用或反复應力性損傷。當身體因重複的肌肉收縮和脛骨勞損而無法正常癒合時,

會發生脛骨和周圍肌肉組織的各種壓力反應(意思就是發炎了)

我的反應就是在腳踝處直接腫起來,而且嚴重一點是連走路都會疼痛。

而我在初期其實是跑步起來疼痛,到後面連走路都開始痛,而這點每個人疼痛的位置不太相同。

shin-splints3148505992986384817.png

(圖片引用出自 https://reurl.cc/M7ove3)

起初腳踝疼痛時,自我判斷認為是以前腳踝的舊傷造成的。

就決定暫時休息,所謂的休息我是暫停所有的訓練,對訓練而言其實是非常的痛苦,尤其準備要進入高峰訓練階段。

還好當時我選擇休息時對的,當我休息了一周,這周我的處置方式是冰敷+熱敷交替並且加上運動按摩,

過了一周腳踝的腫脹並未消失,事不宜遲決定去造超音波想要確診症狀。

這時候一定很多人會問,為何拖那麼久才去就醫,就初步而言有時候訓練過長我腳踝本身就會腫脹,所以初步我想暫停訓練,看看是否會改善,

但是過一周之後沒有改善,就排除第一種原因,就立即安排就醫。

當我知道是MTSS時,醫生也很鄭重的跟我說 張嘉哲就是小腿脛後肌肌腱撕裂拉傷動刀,千萬不可以不慎

當下心理層面是無法過關的,畢竟跑者最重的是腳而不論在哪一種運動中,腳是支撐怎個身體的重要部位。

突然間我不知道該如何是好,雖然我聽過這個詞MTSS ,但是問過身旁的人其實都只是跟我說 他非常難好。

我想這時候我真的花起時間研究起來,以下資料是去找相關學術研究整理出來,如果有不對的地方~請指教~畢竟我不是專業

只是把文獻說的以及自己嘗試過後的心得寫下來。

 

生理學
許多人認為,MTSS的主要原因與負重時造成脛骨勞損引起的潛在的脛骨骨膜發炎有關。
但現在新的學術研究中也發現了,包括腱,骨膜炎和脛骨[的應激反應1 - 4 ]。
脛後,脛骨前肌的功能障礙,和比目魚肌通常也牽連[ 1,3,4 ]。
因為長期的重複負荷會導致脛骨的異常拉伸和彎曲[ 1]
 

討論區

以評估運動員的每週運動常規以及跑步里程,
強度,速度,地形和鞋類,訓練方案的改變。多數的統計尤其是運動員試圖做“太多、太快”是最常見因素[ 6 - 8 ]。
常見的訓練錯誤包括最近頻繁的運動(休息不夠),強度或持續時間增加[ 6 – 9 ]。
在堅硬或不平坦的路面上跑步也是造成的因素之一。
下肢受傷且每週跑步超過20英里的個人特別容易遭受下肢的過度使用傷害,包括MTSS [ 10]。
MTSS最常出現在跑步者中,但也是有在其他運動當中:例如足球,籃球,足球和跳舞,比例還是比跑步的少。


MTSS與下肢  [生物力學異常相關的1,15,16 ]。
醫師多數評估可能的狀況是膝異常(特別是膝內翻或外翻),脛骨扭轉,股骨前傾角,足弓異常,或腿長度差異[ 1,6,9 ]。
踝關節運動的運動也在評估的範圍之中。
下關節的Hyperpronation為MTSS最常見和證據充分的危險因素之一
(圖片引用: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/155796468344413354/ )1,5 - 8,12,15,17,18 ].

1fee08b2a04a7ae8ec8b53369e4d3cf6.jpg


肌肉的不靈活,尤其是小腿三頭肌(腓腸肌,比目魚肌,和蹠肌)與MTSS [通常相關聯的1,7,8 ]。
三頭肌肱三頭肌肌肉無力的運動員更容易出現肌肉疲勞

slide_29.jpg

“核心肌肉”如果太弱也相對會影響的是下肢受傷[一個重要危險因素16,19 - 21 ]。
臀部和骨盆肌肉力量是在保持“核心”和下肢[之間的控制和適當力學的一個重要環節16,22 ]

Anatomy-Core-Muscles.jpg

圖片引用:https://reurl.cc/gvoQpL

橋式(Bridge Pose)可以加強臀部肌群

未命名 - 1.jpg
保守治療的選擇
急性期
休息,冰敷
大多數文獻支持“休息”為在MTSS [急性期的最重要的治療1,4,6,13,30,31 ]。
但是,對於許多運動員來說,長時間的運動休息是不理想的,
還需要其他療法來幫助運動員快速安全地恢復運動。
根據症狀的嚴重程度,需要“相對”休息和長時間停止運動(2至6週)是最好的方式

可以使用物理治療方法,例如超聲波,電波刺激和不加重的下肢運動,但是文獻上尚未對這部分有提出效果[ 1,4,6 - 8,10,13,30 ]。

在此期間,運動員可以受益於與其它低影響練習,
如池跑步,游泳,使用橢圓機,或騎固定自行車[交叉訓練4,6,13,30 ]
幾週的時間內,只要他們保持無痛狀態,就可以緩慢地增加訓練強度和時間

伸展和加強鍛煉
以防止肌肉疲勞的每日方案[ 1,4,6 - 8,10,13,27,31,32 ]。其他練習集中在加強脛前肌和其他肌肉,以控制腳的內向和外向。

 

 

參考文獻

1. Beck B. Tibial stress injuries: an aetiological review for the purposes of guiding management. Sports Med. 1998;26(4):265–279. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199826040-00005. [PubMed] [CrossRef] []
2. Anderson M, Ugalde V, Batt M, Gacayan J. Shin splints: MR appearance in a preliminary study. Radiology. 1997;204:177–180. [PubMed] []
3. Detmer D. Chronic shin splints. Classification and management of medial tibial stress syndrome. Sports Med. 1986;3(6):436–446. doi: 10.2165/00007256-198603060-00005. [PubMed] [CrossRef] []
4. Fredericson M, Bergman G, Hoffman K, Dillingham M. Tibial stress reaction in runners: correlation of clinical symptoms and scintigraphy with a new magnetic resonance imaging grading system. Am J Sports Med. 1995;23:427–481. doi: 10.1177/036354659502300418. [PubMed] [CrossRef] []
5. Thacker S, Gilchrist J, Stroup D, Kimsey C. The prevention of shin splints in sports: a systematic review of literature. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34(1):32–40. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200201000-00006. [PubMed] [CrossRef] []
6. Kortebein P, Kaufman K, Basford J, Stuart M. Medial tibial stress syndrome. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32(3 suppl):S27–S33. [PubMed] []
7. Fredericson M. Common injuries in runners. Diagnosis, rehabilitation and prevention. Sports Med. 1996;21:49–72. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199621010-00005. [PubMed] [CrossRef] []
8. Wilder R, Seth S. Overuse injuries: tendinopathies, stress fractures, compartment syndrome, and shin splints. Clin Sports Med. 2004;23:55–81. doi: 10.1016/S0278-5919(03)00085-1. [PubMed] [CrossRef] []
9. Strakowski J, Jamil T. Management of common running injuries. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2006;17(3):537–552. [PubMed] []
10. Dugan S, Weber K. Stress fracture and rehabilitation. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2007;18(3):401–416. [PubMed] []
11. Brunet M, Cook S, Brinker M, Dickson J. A survey of running injuries in 1505 competitive and recreational runners. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1990;30(3):307–315. [PubMed] []
12. Yates B, White S. The incidence and risk factors in the development of medial tibial stress syndrome among naval recruits. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(3):772–780. doi: 10.1177/0095399703258776. [PubMed] [CrossRef] []
13. Couture C, Karlson K. Tibial stress injuries: decisive diagnosis and treatment of ‘shin splints’. Phys Sportsmed. 2002;30(6):29–36. [PubMed]
14. Plastaras C, Rittenberg J, Rittenberg K, Press J, Akuthota V. Comprehensive functional evaluation of the injured runner. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2005;16(3):623–649. [PubMed] []
15. Sommer H, Vallentyne S. Effect of foot posture on the incidence of medial tibial stress syndrome. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27:800–804. [PubMed] []
16. Niemuth P, Johnson R, Myers M, Thieman T. Hip muscle weakness and overuse injuries in recreational runners. Clin J Sport Med. 2005;15(1):14–21. doi: 10.1097/00042752-200501000-00004. [PubMed] [CrossRef] []
17. Messier S. Etiologic factors associated with selected running injuries. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998;20:501–505. [PubMed] []
18. Ravin T, Cantieri M, Pasquarello G. Principles of prolotherapy, vol. 233. Denver, CO: American Academy of Musculoskeletal Medicine; 2008. p. 250–1.
19. Thijs Y, Tiggelen D, Willems T, Clercq D, Witvrouw E. Relationship between hip strength and frontal plane posture of the knee during a forward lunge. Br J Sports Med. 2007;41:723–727. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2007.037374. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] []
20. Nadler F, Malanga G, DePrince M, Stitik T, Feinberg J. The relationship between lower extremity injury, low back pain, and hip muscle strength in male and female collegiate athletes. Clin J Sport Med. 2000;10(2):89–97. doi: 10.1097/00042752-200004000-00002. [PubMed] [CrossRef] []
21. Leetun D, Ireland M, Wilson J, Ballantyne B, Davis I. Core stability measures as risk factors for lower extremity injury in athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36(6):926–934. doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000128145.75199.C3. [PubMed] [CrossRef] []
22. Greenman P. Principles of manual medicine. 3rd ed., chap. 11. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2003: p. 337–403, 489.
23. Kibler W, Chandler T, Pace B. Principles of rehabilitation after chronic tendon injuries. Clin Sports Med. 1992;11(3):661–671. [PubMed] []
24. Howell J. Effect of counterstrain on stretch reflexes, Hoffmann reflexes, and clinical outcomes in subjects with plantar fasciitis. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2006;106(9):547–556. [PubMed] []
25. Karageanes S. Principles of manual sports medicine. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins; 2005. pp. 467–468. []
26. Stanitski C, McMaster J, Scranton P. On the nature of stress fractures. Am J Sports Med. 1978;6(6):391–396. doi: 10.1177/036354657800600615. [PubMed] [CrossRef] []
27. Korkola M, Amendola A. Exercise-induced leg pain. Sifting through a broad differential. Phys Sportsmed. 2001;29(6):35–50. [PubMed] []
28. Mellion M, Walsh W, Madden C, Putukian M, Shelton G. The team physician’s handbook. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Hanley & Belfus; 2002. p. 517, 583.
29. Young A, McAllister D. Evaluation and treatment of tibial stress fractures. Clin Sports Med. 2006;25(1):117–128. doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2005.08.015. [PubMed] [CrossRef] []
30. DeLee J, Drez D, Miller M. DeLee and Drez’s orthopaedic sports medicine principles and practice. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2003. pp. 2155–2159. []
31. Taube R, Wadsworth L. Managing tibial stress fractures. Phys Sportsmed. 1993;21:123–130. [PubMed] []
32. Herring K. A plyometric training model used to augment rehabilitation from tibial fasciitis. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2006;5(3):147–154. [PubMed] []
33. Hootman J, Macera C, Ainsworth B, Martin M, Addy C, Blair S. Predictors of lower extremity injury among recreationally active adults. Clin J Sport Med. 2002;12:99–106. doi: 10.1097/00042752-200203000-00006. [PubMed] [CrossRef] []
34. Cook S, Kester M, Brunet M. Shock absorption characteristics of running shoes. Am J Sports Med. 1985;13:248–253. doi: 10.1177/036354658501300406. [PubMed] [CrossRef] []
35. Stuber K, Kristmanson K. Conservative therapy for plantar fasciitis: a narrative review of randomized controlled trials. J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2006;50(2):118–133. [PMC free article] [PubMed] []
36. Pedowitz R. Use of osteopathic manipulative treatment for iliotibial band friction syndrome. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2005;105(12):563–567. [PubMed] []
37. Howell J. Stretch reflex and Hoffmann reflex responses to osteopathic manipulative treatment in subjects with Achilles tendinitis. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2006;106(9):537–545. [PubMed] []
38. Dimou E. A randomized controlled trial (with blinded observers) of chiropractic manipulation and Achilles stretching vs. orthotics for the treatment of plantar fasciitis. J Am Chiropr Assoc. 2004;41(9):32–42. []
39. Rompe J, Decking J, Schoellner C, Nafe B. Shock wave application for chronic plantar fasciitis in running athletes. A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Sports Med. 2003;31:268–275. [PubMed] []
40. Speed C, Nichols D, Wies J, Humphreys H, Richards C, Burnet S, Hazleman B. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for plantar fasciitis. A double blind randomised controlled trial. J Orthop Res. 2003;21:937–940. doi: 10.1016/S0736-0266(03)00048-2. [PubMed] [CrossRef] []
41. Ogden J. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for plantar fasciitis: randomised controlled multicentre trial. Br J Sports Med. 2004;38:382. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2004.011601. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] []
42. Rompe J, Nafe B, Furia J, Maffulli N. Eccentric loading, shock-wave treatment, or a wait-and-see policy for tendinopathy of the main body of tendo Achilles: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35(3):374–383. doi: 10.1177/0363546506295940. [PubMed] [CrossRef] []
43. Sems A, Dimeff R, Iannotti J. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the treatment of chronic tendinopathies. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2006;14(4):195–204. [PubMed] []
44. Hackett G, Hemwall G, Montgomery G. Ligament and tendon relaxation treated by prolotherapy. 5th ed. Oak Park, IL: Gustav A. Hemwall; 1992.
45. James S, Ali K, Pocock C, Robertson C, Walter J, Bell J. Ultrasound guided dry needling and autologous blood injection for patellar tendinosis. Br J Sports Med. 2007;41(8):518–522. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2006.034686. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] []
46. Hoksrud A, Öhberg L, Alfredson H, Bahr R. Ultrasound-guided sclerosis of neovessels in painful chronic patellar tendinopathy: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34(11):1738–1746. doi: 10.1177/0363546506289168. [PubMed] [CrossRef] []
47. Öhberg L, Alfredson H. Ultrasound guided sclerosis of neovessels in painful chronic Achilles tendinosis: pilot study of a new treatment. Br J Sports Med. 2002;36(3):173–177. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.36.3.173. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] []
48. Callison M. Acupuncture and tibial stress syndrome (shin splints). J Chinese Med. 2002;70:24–7.
49. Tillu A, Gupta S. Effect of acupuncture treatment on heel pain due to plantar fasciitis. Acupunct Med. 1998;16(2):66–68. doi: 10.1136/aim.16.2.66. [CrossRef] []
50. Kullman J, Steinbock K. Chinese medicine perspective… plantar fascitis. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2001;5(1):31–33. doi: 10.1054/jbmt.2000.0200. [CrossRef] []
51. Devitt M. Electroacupuncture for plantar fasciitis: treatment reduces pain, improves function with heel pain patients. Acupunct Today. 2001;2(12):1–22. []
52. Yates B, Allen M, Barnes M. Outcome of surgical treatment of medial tibial stress syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg. 2003;85:1974–1980. [PubMed] []
53. Abramowitz A, Schepsis A, McArthur C. The medial tibial syndrome: the role of surgery. Orthop Rev. 1994;23(11):875–881. [PubMed] []
54. Willems T. Gait-related risk factors for exercise-related lower-leg pain during shod running. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(2):330–339. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000247001.94470.21. [PubMed] [CrossRef] []
55. Hreljac A. Impact and overuse injuries in runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36(5):845–849. doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000126803.66636.DD. [PubMed] [CrossRef] []
文章標籤

RUN TOUR 發表在 痞客邦 留言(1) 人氣()